Managing Elbow Pain

What are Tennis Elbow and Golfer’s Elbow?

Tennis elbow (lateral epicondylitis) and golfer's elbow (medial epicondylitis) are common forms of elbow pain caused by overuse or repetitive strain of forearm muscles and tendons. These can also both be caused by tearing or blunt trauma to these tissues.

Common Presentations

Tennis Elbow

  • Pain and tenderness on the outer (lateral) side of the elbow

  • Pain worsened by gripping, lifting, or repetitive wrist and arm movements

Golfer's Elbow

  • Pain and tenderness on the inner (medial) side of the elbow

  • Pain exacerbated by gripping, lifting, or wrist flexion movements

Managing Tennis Elbow Pain
Managing Golfer's Elbow Pain
Golfer's Elbow Causes

Common Causes

  • Repetitive wrist and forearm movements (e.g., sports, typing, manual labour)

  • Poor technique in sports or repetitive tasks

  • Insufficient conditioning or muscle strength in the forearm

  • Aging and tendon degeneration

Prognosis

Both conditions typically improve with conservative management within 6-12 months. Early intervention promotes faster recovery and reduces the risk of chronic symptoms.

Golfer's Elbow Assessment

Assessing Tennis Elbow and Golfer’s Elbow

Clinical assessment typically includes:

  • Detailed patient history to identify specific activities contributing to symptoms

  • Physical examination, including provocative tests to confirm diagnosis

  • Imaging (ultrasound or MRI) if indicated to assess tendon health and exclude other conditions

Evidence-Based Management

Recommended clinical management includes:

  • Exercise Therapy: Strengthening and stretching exercises to improve forearm function and reduce strain

  • Manual Therapy: Techniques such as massage, mobilisation, and myofascial release to relieve pain and improve mobility

  • Activity Modification: Adjusting or temporarily ceasing activities that provoke symptoms

  • Pain Management: Short-term analgesics or anti-inflammatory medications as per clinical guidelines

  • Supportive Devices: Bracing or taping to relieve tendon stress

  • Additional Treatments: Shockwave therapy or injections in persistent cases, following clinical recommendations