Understanding Neck Pain

What is Neck Pain?

Neck pain refers to discomfort or stiffness in the cervical region (neck), extending from the base of the skull down to the upper back. Symptoms range from mild discomfort to severe pain impacting daily function.

Common Presentations

  • Stiffness and restricted movement

  • Dull, aching discomfort

  • Sharp or stabbing pain

  • Headaches associated with neck stiffness and pain

Managing Neck Pain

Common Causes

  • Muscular strain or tension

  • Sustained postures and unaccustomed ergonomics, typically associated with computer use

  • Age-related changes in the neck, such as decreased disc height and joint space decrease

  • Previous whiplash injuries or other trauma

  • Disc injuries or nerve traction injury

  • Stress and lifestyle factors

Prognosis

Most acute episodes of neck pain resolve within a few days to weeks. However, recurrent or persistent neck pain may require a structured, multidisciplinary approach to management.

Low Back Pain of Acute Duration

Acute Neck Pain

Acute neck pain usually lasts less than 6 weeks and often follows identifiable triggers like sudden movements, pressure or force on the neck, or minor injuries

Types of Back Pain

Chronic Back Pain

Persistent Back Pain

‘Chronic’ neck pain persists for more than 3 months and is influenced by physical, psychological, and social factors.

Back Pain with Radiculopathy

Referred Back Pain

Occurs when neck pain radiates into the shoulder, arm, or hand due to nerve involvement, typically from disc herniation or degenerative narrowing of the cervical spine, inflammatory events, or traction to the nerves.

Osteopathic neck assessment

Assessing Back Pain

Clinical assessment typically involves:

  • Detailed clinical history

  • Physical examination focusing on neck mobility, muscle strength, and neurological function

  • Imaging studies, if indicated (X-rays, MRI)

  • Evaluation of biopsychosocial factors influencing pain

Evidence-Based Management

Management strategies supported by current clinical evidence include:

  • Physical Therapy and Exercises: Specific neck exercises, strengthening, and mobility routines.

  • Manual Therapy: Techniques such as mobilisation and soft-tissue therapy.

  • Patient Education: Information about occupational factors, ergonomic modifications, and reassurance.

  • Psychological Interventions: Cognitive-behavioural therapy for persistent pain.

  • Medication: Limited short-term use of analgesics and anti-inflammatories, as per guidelines.

  • Multidisciplinary Care: Collaborative approach with allied health professionals, when indicated.

Management of neck pain